Blue Economy and Job Creation in Nigeria: Exploring Opportunities for Youth Employment in Marine-Based Industries

Abstract

Nigeria’s extensive maritime resources offer a trans-formative pathway for economic diversification and youth employment through the blue economy. With a coastline of over 850 kilometers and an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extending 200 nautical miles, the country is well positioned to develop marine-based industries such as fisheries, aquaculture, maritime transport, shipbuilding, coastal tourism, and offshore energy. Despite this potential, the blue economy contributes less than 4% to Nigeria’s GDP, though it could generate over $70 billion annually and create more than 2.5 million jobs across value chains. The artisan fisheries sector alone supports over 8 million Nigerians but remains under-exploited due to limited infrastructure, outdated practices, and inadequate capacity development. Similarly, coastal tourism, which contributes over $1.5 trillion globally-accounts for less than 1% of Nigeria’s tourism revenue, revealing a significant growth opportunity. Furthermore, the nation loses approximately $10 billion annually to illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing-an economic drain that could otherwise support employment and marine sustainability. Maritime transport handles nearly 90% of Nigeria’s international trade by volume but suffers from infrastructural deficits and low indigenous participation. Given that over 70% of Nigeria’s population is under 30 years old and youth unemployment exceeds 40%, strategic focus on blue economy sectors presents a credible solution to widespread joblessness. Realizing this potential requires targeted investments, youth-focused skill development, and inclusive policy frameworks that prioritize sustainability and local content participation. Unlocking the blue economy is not only an economic imperative but a generational opportunity for Nigeria’s emerging workforce.